Sabtu, 26 Februari 2011

See the reality behind the Eyes of Adopted Children from Haiti




Nach dem Erdbeben in Haiti vor einem Jahr gab es einen Skandal um die Adoption haitianischer Kinder: Verschiedene Organisationen, darunter US-Missionare, hatten vermeintliche Waisen aus dem Land bringen wollen, obwohl sie Eltern hatten. Wir zeigen Bilder von haitianischen Waisenkindern, die bereits vor dem Erdbeben adoptiert worden waren. Erst Ende 2010 wurden diese Kinder von ihren Adoptiveltern nach Frankreich geholt. Das Chaos nach dem Beben und die Cholera hatten das Verfahren verzögert


After the earthquake in Haiti a year ago there was a scandal surrounding the adoption of Haitian children: Various organizations, including U.S. missionaries, alleged orphans wanted get the chldren out of the country, although they had parents. We show pictures of Haitian orphans, which had been adopted before the earthquake. Until the end of 2010 were brought these children from their adoptive parents in France. The chaos after the quake and the cholera had delayed the process

Jumat, 25 Februari 2011

Adoptions from Ethiopia incompatible with the fundamental principles of German law

Ethiopian adoptions: German Higher Regional Court denies recognition

On 31 May 2010 the German District Court of Düsseldorf ruled that an Ethiopian adoption may not be accepted under German law, as it is obviously incompatible with the fundamental principles of German law, in particular with the fundamental rights. This decision was was appealed by the adoptive parents.
On 18 January 2011  the German Higher Regional Court (Dusseldorf) confirmed this ruling. This cannot not be appealed.
The ruling was based on the fact that article 21-b of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was not complied with, meaning that a child may only be transferred for adoption into a foreign country and into another culture, when all avenues have been exhausted for the placement of the child in his own family and in its own country.
Article 21
States Parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption shall ensure that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration and they shall:
[...]
(b) Recognize that inter-country adoption may be considered as an alternative means of child’s care, if the child cannot be placed in a foster or an adoptive family or cannot in any suitable manner be cared for in the child’s country of origin;
Additionally, the appointment of new (adoptive) parents further requires that they have factually grown into the role of the failed parents, so in terms of German law that between the child and his new parents and vice versa, a parent-child relationship has been founded or its formation can be expected.  Therefore, the personality right of the child has not sufficiently enough been respected, as far as before the adoption no initiation of a parent-child relationship took place, which for practical reasons (visa handling ) should have taken place in Ethiopia.
For the full text (informal translation):

Selasa, 22 Februari 2011

Spanish mother reunited with daughter she was told had died at birth


Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco (left) gives a certificate to a family in Madrid in 1942.

For many years, parents were awarded for having large families. Baby-stealing is alleged to have begun during Franco's long rule. Photograph: AP

A Spanish mother has been reunited with her daughter four decades after being told
the child had died at birth. It is the first proven case in a growing scandal over babies stolen
by Spanish hospital doctors and sold for adoption.
A DNA test proved the blood tie between the two women after the daughter hired private detectives to trace her biological mother.
"The adoption was legal, with her birth certificate saying she was 'adopted from an unknown mother'," Antonio Barroso, the head of an organisation investigating cases of missing babies, said.
The mother was left to mourn her baby after being told she had died at birth in a Barcelona clinic. "The doctors told her that her daughter had died. She even has the death certificate," Barroso said. "We went to a laboratory and the result left no doubt. It is only now that the girl has seen her own death certificate."
Barroso said mother and daughter – who have asked not to be named – were reunited in December and the case had since been passed on to the attorney general's office.
Another spokesman for the group, Juan Luis Moreno, told El Pais newspaper that the mother had always suspected her child had not really died, but hospital authorities in Barcelona had told her they would take charge of burying the baby.
Many of those now seeking lost babies are women who never saw their baby's corpse because hospitals said they would take charge of burial.
Barroso's organisation has asked the attorney general to investigate several hundred cases of illegal adoption.
The attorney general agreed to co-ordinate the different investigations that will be carried out by prosecutors at a provincial level.
Barroso said the case opened up the possibility that many children who were adopted in circumstances that may have seemed legal at the time were actually stolen.
These would be added to existing cases where adopted children were apparently registered as the biological children of their adoptive parents.
Barroso helped found the group after discovering that his own parents had paid an intermediary who produced children for adoption from a hospital in Zaragoza.
The cases go back many decades. Although they began during the dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, they seem to have carried on after his death in 1975. On Tuesday, the Catalan Republican Left party will ask Spain's parliament to aid those seeking lost children, with the creation of a DNA bank to help them.

RACE DOESNT MATTER ?

Katharine Birbalsingh

Katharine Birbalsingh is the teacher who exposed the failings of the comprehensive school system at the Conservative Party conference this year. Her speech can be seen here. She is now looking for a job. Katharine has been teaching in inner London for over a decade and loves children. This is a resurrection of her popular blog, To Miss with Love, where her name was Snuffy. Her book, also called To Miss with Love, comes out in April 2011. Follow @Miss_Snuffy on Twitter to see what Katharine's doing now. Katharine's personal website iswww.katharinebirbalsingh.com.

Michael Gove's adoption guidelines may not satisfy 'race oriented' social workers. But they'll do wonders for children

Ethnic minority children usually wait three times longer to be adopted than white children (Photo: GETTY)
Ethnic minority children usually wait three times longer to be adopted than white children (Photo: GETTY)
Michael Gove is to unveil new adoption guidelines on Tuesday to say that race should not be a “deal-breaker” when adopting a child. In other words, white couples should be allowed to adopt black and ethnic minority children.
Until now, white couples have been unable to adopt British black or ethnic minority children, and have been forced to pay thousands of pounds abroad for the joy of adopting a child. Why? Because they’re white and there aren’t enough white babies to go round.
Social workers are so ‘race-oriented’ that when they receive an application they try to place a child with a family of the same heritage as that child. All I can say is thank goodness my parents were around when I was growing up. Otherwise I might have been in care forever. They would have had to find a mixed-race couple, one Indian, one black. I wonder if it would have been necessary for the Indian parent to be Indo-Caribbean? Or was it only race that mattered, allowing any citizen of India to have a go at raising me? I wonder if a Pakistani would have been allowed to adopt me?
It is completely absurd and yet this practice has been going on for years. As a result, ethnic minority children wait on average three times longer than white children to find a permanent home. And while they are in care, they wreak havoc on some poor school. Then we say it isn’t their fault: they’re in care. There are different rules at school for kids who are in care. They are given more leeway. They don’t get punished in the way that other kids are. And that, of course, just encourages them to misbehave all the more. I have seen a Head make a decision about a kid, and when realising the kid is in care, change his mind because he realises his hands are tied.
But the damage to schools and children doesn’t stop there. It has always been cool to be bad, and if one black kid is bad, then some of the other black kids will copy him. Even some white kids will too. So bad behaviour spreads. Then we turn around and say we’re trying to help these kids by ensuring that they’re with parents of matching racial background!
I presume the obsession with matching racial identity stems from the idea that ethnic children need to understand their position in the Western world as one of belonging to a minority group that is liable to face racism from time to time. But is it really impossible for a white family to understand this and pass their understanding to their adopted child? Surely the applicant’s capacity to give the child the right kind of love and support is what should be judged! After all, if this is a real issue, diversity training could be put to good use here.
The faster we get our ethnic kids out of care, the more likely they are to find harmony and love and the more likely they are to behave at school. This development in the adoption laws is a stroke of genius. Its results may take years to show, but its impact on schools will be immediate, not to mention how many children’s lives it will transform.
Once again, I look at what Michael Gove is doing for children and take my hat off to him. I clap my hands in glee and wonder how anyone could possibly take issue with this decision. But experience has taught me, where I see common sense and cause for jubilation, others see dark motives and corrupt intentions. I’m looking forward to what the opposition says about this one!

Kamis, 17 Februari 2011

USA - Another childmurder by Adopter

Source: Body In Pest Truck Likely Driver’s 10 YO Daughter

February 15, 2011 11:10 PM

The body in the pickup truck was identified as the owner's 10-year-old adoptive daughter. (Source: CBS4)


The body in the pickup truck was identified as the owner’s 10-year-old adoptive daughter. (Source: CBS4)

Reporting Ted Scouten

MIAMI (CBS4) –As investigators continue to piece together the mystery surrounding a pesticide truck parked along the side of I-95 in West Palm Beach that sent a father and son to the hospital, a senior law enforcement source has told CBS4 News the body found in a bag inside the back of the truck is believed to be the driver’s 10-year-old adopted daughter.

The girl was the twin sister of Victor Vocter, the 10-year-old boy rescued from the truck, according to the source. Now, the children’s father is chaged with aggravated child abuse, accused of injuring the surviving child inside the truck. “We can’t really specify,” explained police spokesman Chase Scott. “But an instance that occurred here on the side of I-95 with his 10 year old son, that’s where the aggravated child abuse charge stems from.”

We do know the child suffered severe burns. “He did suffer some burns from the chemicals that were on his clothes and his body as well as some internal issues,” said Scott, “some severe internal reaction to breathing in the fumes of the chemicals.”

The body remained on the scene until 8:30 in the evening. The strength of the chemicals made it hard to move the body. In fact, just to get it into the medical examiner’s vehicle was difficult. “I believe they tried to do a partial decontamination,” Scott explained. “Then the bag was placed into another bag, which was placed into another bag, then on the gurney and then placed into the vehicle for transport.”

One day after the disturbing discovery, it is still a very active scene near the Palm Beach Lakes Boulevard exit on I-95, except now several large tents cover the small red pickup truck where the body was found.

Chase Scott said while he could not say the body on the truck was not the twin girl, someone saying so now “would have to have x-ray vision”, because the body is still wrapped in plastic, surrounded by hazardous material, and has yet to be unwrapped as experts work to decontaminate the scene.

The discovery was made Monday when a Road Ranger stopped to assist the driver of what he thought was a broken down truck which had the words “C. J.’s Pest Control Miami” on its side.

When the ranger approached the truck he found the driver, Jorge Barahona, 53, of Southwest Miami-Dade, and his 10-year-old adopted son, Victor Vocter, conscious but having breathing difficulties.

Barahona was taken to Columbia Medical Center with a unspecified medical condition caused by the chemicals and the son was taken to St. Mary’s Medical Center. Both are said to be in fair but stable condition.

It was when firefighters on the scene also started feeling sick that a hazardous materials crew was called in to take over the investigation. In the back of the truck they found a leak in a container which contained acid. It’s believed that fumes from this chemical were what sickened Barahona, the boy and four firefighters. According to police, the chemical is not the type typically used in pest control but it is used to clean metal.

It was while the Haz-Mat team were looking through the truck that they spotted something unusual.

“The Department of Environmental Protection went into the rear of the vehicle, moving aside some chemicals,” said Chase Scott, spokesperson for the West Palm Beach Police department, speaking to reporters late Monday night. “(They) located a body in a bag in the rear of the vehicle.”

With the discovery of the acid and the body, Miami-Dade Police and Fire Rescue Haz-Mat were sent to Barahona’s home in the 11000 block of Southwest 47 Terrace in Southwest Miami-Dade to search for more potentially dangerous chemicals and possible clues as to why Barahona had a body in his truck.

Neighbors said Barahona regularly parked his truck in front of his home and kept a steel container full of pesticides on his property. Jim Sheppard said he never noticed a problem.

“He was always very cautious when he did his stuff,” said Sheppard. “He sprayed my house, and when he came in and sprayed my house he’d always put on a big respirator and ask me to step out. He’s always really cautious and careful about the chemicals.”

Late Monday, the FBI joined the investigation, though no reason was given for the federal interest.

According to state records, Barahona operated his business out of his home. Last week, he filed with the Florida Secretary of State to use the name C.J.’s Pest Control for his business. The Florida Secretary of State’s office said Barahona had operated a business as C.J.’s Pest Exterminator, Inc., since March of 1998. That corporation was dissolved by the state last September, when he failed to file the proper state documents.

Barahona’s wife, Carmen, was holed up inside her parents Southwest Miami-Dade home with two of the couple’s four children, according to CBS4′s Gary Nelson. But the two children were removed from the home by child welfare officials.

The couple has four adopted children, ages 7 through 11, according to the Department of Children and Families. Those children are under DCF protective supervision at the grandparents home, according to DCF’s Mark Riordan.

Related Stories

Jorge Barahona Accused Of Horrific Child Abuse Has Dead Daughter In His Truck [Video]

Posted on 17 February 2011

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Jorge Barahona Accused Of Horrific Child Abuse Has Dead Daughter In His Truck

Jorge BarahonaThis is one of those stories that you wish would not get reported. Because this is the kind of story where the perp needs to be taken out to the Florida Everglades, dipped in chicken grease and towed very slowly by an airboat until the gators have had their fill.

These kind of scumbags have a special place in hell and instead of wasting taxpayer dollars on a trial they should just take terminate him. And it should not be a humane execution. I’m sorry, when it comes to kids, you should be punished accordingly. No judge, no jury…just a few hungry gators.

Jorge Barahona is a Florida exterminator and father of four children adopted from Florida’s foster care system has told police that a body found in the pest-control truck he was driving is one of them — his 10-year-old daughter, authorities said Wednesday.

Barahona, 53, already faces a charge of aggravated child abuse for injuries to the dead girl’s twin, Victor, who was also found in the truck, which was parked on the side of I-95 near West Palm Beach, Florida, officials said.

According to a probable-cause affidavit filed by the West Palm Beach Police Department, a roadside assistance ranger with the Florida Department of Transportation stopped to check the red Toyota pickup Monday around 5:30 a.m. and found the 10-year-old boy inside next to an open gas can.

The boy “appeared to be in respiratory distress and (was) trembling” and his clothing “was soaked with an unknown chemical,” the affidavit said.

The ranger then found Barahona on the ground beside the truck and called for help.

The boy was hospitalized in intensive care with severe burns to his abdomen, upper thighs and buttocks, the affidavit said. While examining the boy, doctors noted he had sustained previous injuries, including a broken collarbone, a broken arm, scarring to his buttocks and lower abdomen, and ligature marks on both wrists, police said.

After Barahona and his son were taken to a hospital, a worker decontaminating the truck discovered the body of the girl, wrapped in a plastic bag, the document said.

Barahona told police he was distraught over the death of his daughter, and had intended to commit suicide by dousing himself with gasoline and setting himself afire, the affidavit said. Barahona said he didn’t go through with his suicide plan because his son was with him, the document added.

“Basically, to paraphrase, he was stating that he placed his daughter in a plastic bag being distraught over her death,” West Palm Beach Police Spokesman Chase Scott told reporters. “He drove here from South Florida accompanied by his son, Victor. He then pulled off to the side of the road saying that he poured gas on his self, intending to light himself on fire. His son’s head was in his lap and he decided, after giving his son some sleeping pills, that he wasn’t going to do that.”

Barahona told police that he doused himself with gasoline and inadvertently got some on the boy, Police Capt. Mary Olsen said.

But, she added, the man’s story doesn’t add up — there was no gasoline on the boy. Instead, he was covered with another chemical whose composition had yet to be determined. “That’s why we’re still treating this as a hazmat (hazardous materials case),” she said.

Scott said the chemicals were so potent that staff caring for the boy at the hospital became ill as well, he said.

Victor, who was transferred Wednesday morning to a specialized burn unit at Miami’s Jackson Memorial Hospital, has not been able to talk to investigators because he is on a breathing tube, she said.

Olsen said police would decide how to charge Barahona further once the autopsy on his daughter determines her cause of death. Asked whether Barahona has expressed remorse, she said, “He feels remorse, but we’re not getting consistent statements with what we’re seeing in our evidence.” She added, “It’s a complex case.”

At a hearing Wednesday in Miami attended by Barahona’s wife, Carmen, a judge ordered that the remaining two children in the home be placed in foster care.

Florida’s Department of Children and Families had opened a child protection investigation within the past few days to look into a complaint involving the Barahona family, and it wasn’t the first such complaint, spokesman Mark Riordan said.

Reporters in the courtroom Wednesday heard tales of abuse, mainly concerning the twins, from state officials and experts. The caller to the child protection hotline in the latest case reported that the twins were routinely locked in a bathroom for long periods of time and had been bound with tape, the court heard. The story was corroborated by interviews with the other two children in the home, officials said in court.

An investigator told the court that she had showed up last Friday night at the family’s home but had not seen the children. Instead, she said, she had left the family’s house after speaking with Carmen Barahona, planning to return on Monday. Asked why she had not planned to return sooner, she said, “I’m not allowed to do investigations on a weekend.”

However, a spokesman for the department, John Harrell, said it is the job of investigators to follow through immediately or refer to someone else in the department to follow through when a matter is urgent.

The Catholic Church against adoption by singles

Vatican cardinal: Adopted children need both a father and a mother

The president of the Pontifical Council for the Family, Cardinal Ennio Antonelli, recently affirmed that adoption policies should prioritize “the good of the child, who needs both a father and a mother.”

Cardinal Antonelli’s comments came in response to a petition filed by the Supreme Court of Appeals in Italy requesting that Congress pass a law allowing the adoption of minors by single adults.

According to Italian law, only married couples can adopt children.

The Court of Appeals made the petition after a woman from Genoa requested the court legitimize her adoption of a Belarusian girl. The girl lived with the woman for two years in Russia and then in the United States, where the adoption was declared valid.

Although the ruling by the U.S. court was upheld by the Court of Appeals in Genoa in 2009, the mother is still subject to some limitations under the law.

Rabu, 16 Februari 2011

Even when a child finds a loving home with an adoptive family the circumstances surrounding that relationship are complex

Local Adoptee Shares Her Story at Watchung Booksellers

BY | Tuesday, Feb 15, 2011 11:00am | COMMENTS (5)

Montclair resident, adoption-advocate, and author Zara Phillips just released the American version of her adoption memoir, Mother Me, after having previously published it in her native England. It hit bookshelves here yesterday, Valentines Day.

Phillips’s book chronicles her journey to discover the truth about her birth and herself. Although Phillips knew she was adopted ever since early childhood, it was something that was never spoken about.

“Yes, you know, but don’t tell anybody,” Phillips recalled of the prevailing sentiment in 1964 when she was adopted. “I could never talk about being adopted.”

And, so, Phillips kept those feelings inside, never at liberty to discuss her conflicted and confusing emotions. “I didn’t feel right. I didn’t feel connected to anybody or anything. I really needed to know my story because in my head I thought I must be a mistake. I really felt my [biological] mother didn’t want me. I carried that into my teenage years.”

Years that are tumultuous for most became disastrous for Phillips. She began to act out, use drugs and alcohol and express her internal strife. “I had a terrible anger.” Phillips said. “It was rage, really.”

At the time neither Phillips nor her mother understood the root of her emotions and behaviors, and Phillips’s involvement in the 80’s London rock scene didn’t help provide any clarity.

It wasn’t until Phillips read the book, The Primal Wound, that she began to understand the dynamics of adoption. After reading the book she said she felt “a sense of relief that I wasn’t alone.”

At 22, Phillips put down the alcohol and drugs and stopped running from her feelings. She knew she needed to make a change. “I can’t move forward with my life until I know my story,” she realized. But she admits, “I was terrified to do it.”

More than 40 years after she was adopted, Phillips notes that while adoption has become more prevalent, many of the same issues still persist. She hopes sharing her story can illuminate some of the issues for all those involved in the adoption triad: the adoptees, the adoptive parents and the birth parents.

Phillips points out that even when a child finds a loving home with an adoptive family the circumstances surrounding that relationship are complex.

“Your child comes with another set of parents. Even if you don’t meet them, they are still around us. They are in the shadows.”

Those shadows, whether acknowledged or not, seem to hang over the head of the child as well as both sets of parents.

“Some people think, ‘You have a new mom and dad. What is there to complain about?’ But our first family we lost,” Phillips said of the emotional scars left on adoptees.

These scars cannot be healed by love alone according to Phillips. “Parents say, ‘I love this kid as my own, but the baby doesn’t come from the same place. The baby has a wound – the primal wound – because it was relinquished, which cannot be filled even with love.”

When Phillips became a mother herself, she began to gain an understanding of the situations both her mothers had faced as pieces of the adoption puzzle. It seemed that grief blanketed all three of the women. Phillips grieved over the loss of her first family as her adoptive mother grieved over never being able to give birth to a child herself while Phillips’s birth mother grieved over the shame of enduring an unwed pregnancy, the terror of laboring alone in a girls’ home and finally the enduring sadness of giving up a child.

“It’s complicated,” Phillips said of the bonds broken and formed by adoption. Undoubtedly an understatement, but one Phillips plans to bring some clarity to with her book. In doing so she hopes to help those involved to understand and accept the emotions involved. You can hear her story this Thursday at Watchung Booksellers.

Selasa, 15 Februari 2011

Adoptions from Ethiopia Unsafe

Fruits of Ethiopia - A study on intercountry adoption in Ethiopia

In 2009, Dutch adoption agency Wereldkinderen contracted Against Child Trafficking to conduct research into the correctness of adoption files of children adopted from Ethiopia. In October 2009, a report was finished, which summarized investigations into 25 randomly selected adoption files of children adopted from Ethiopia between 2004 and 2009. 19 of these 25 cases contained at least some irregularities, which are analyzed in the report.

The executive summary reads as follows:

The findings of the research:

Overall, the current adoption system actively creates an unwarrantedly high number of children available for adoption. Intercountry adoption is in reality privileged to any other in-country suitable manner of care.

Local child protection policies, while existing, are not implemented, while the intercountry adoption market is more and more taking control of the local child protection, as well as the social and health sector.

The adoption process is riddled by fraud and other criminal activities. Parents are stated dead, whereas they are not, dates of birth are falsified, false information is provided to the Courts.

But most important: The demand-driven intercountry adoption process is breaking up families, who could be helped in building up their lives with a fraction of the money involved in intercountry adoption.

Especially the statement "parents are stated dead" is important, because the report lists three such cases.

FULL REPORT IN PDF

For comments in Dutch read also: De wereld is van Iedereen

Senin, 14 Februari 2011

Adoptees to access identifying information important

Kinship

This week I read "Adoption, Identity, and Kinship: the Debate Over Sealed Birth Records" by Dr. Katrina Wegar, published in 1997. Wegar is an Adult Adoptee born/adopted in Finland. Finland was one of the first countries to allow Adult Adoptees to access identifying information. Wegar's experience as an Adult Adoptee in a country that allows access as well as sociologist who does not see any of the problems in her home country that are alleged by U.S. anti-rights groups as inevitable to occur if American adoptees are allowed access, has urged her to examine the records debate in the U.S.

Her book gives a good overview of history, although there are certain points here and there where other sources I've read would disagree with when and why records were sealed. She provides a glimpse into feminist perspective as well as the perspective of Sociologists and Social Workers. She believes that both Adoptee Rights Activists and anti-rights groups present arguments that further stigmatize adoptees. If you read her book, you may notice that she refers to the Adoptee Rights Movement as "the search movement." It refers to search, in-general, as the search for one's origins. I believe that because so many anti-rights groups use the adoptee stereotype of "searching, finding, and disrupting" in their arguments against "Adoptee Rights" that the term "Adoptee Rights" is more preferable, to me.

Wegar writes on the importance of sharing one's own personal narrative:
"Autobiographical accounts have been instrumental in the mobilization of the search movement, and their human-interest potential and cultural resonance have attracted publicity in the media. By revealing the personal quandaries of adoptees who have been denied the opportunity to search for their biological origins, search activists have presented a picture of American adoption that stands in stark contrast to the positive image traditionally presented by adoption agencies and child welfare organizations. They have also described for the first time the institution of adoption from the viewpoint of the adopted (Wegar, 1997, p. 74).
This quote, for me, is similar in explaining why I write as the "why I write" quote is at the top, right-hand corner of my blog. Adult Adoptees speaking for themselves is very important and so is others lending a listening ear. When I talk Adoptee Rights with other people, I generally explain how records came to be sealed and then explain why it is a problem. It is hard for people who do not know much about adoption, other than stereotypes and usually in a positive sense, to grasp a concept of adoption where people are not happy. It is the adoptee experience to often be scolded for voicing something about adoption that sounds negative as if they're being "negative people." Au contrare, secrecy and inequalityare negative; period.

Photo credit: jscreationzs

Senin, 07 Februari 2011

ICA seems more favorable than TRA of American children is based on issues of race, class, and gender

Inter-Country Adoption and Adoptive Parent Motives & Preferences


This was the study I had posted about before for those that are interested, I've blogged a little article summary/analysis (more summary than analysis, I am tired today).

The study sought to determine why adopting parents pursuing Transracial Adoption (TRA) might prefer Inter-Country Adoption (ICA) rather than domestic adoption. While ICA rates have increased in the past 20 years, so have the amount of children in the U.S. foster care system. The Authors noted that, according to the U.S. Government Accountability Office (2007), less than 10% of White women "adopt across racial lines" (Zhang and Lee, 2010, p 2.). When they do adopt across racial lines, they are "five times more likely to adopt children of other [than African American] races" (p. 2). The authors propose that adopting parents preferences are "embedded in an intersection of larger discourses of race, class and gender (referencing Dorow, 2006)" (Zhang & Lee, 2010, p.2).

The literature review of the study I found intriguing. Going over previous literature and studies, the authors of this study hypothesized that the reasons that ICA seems more favorable than TRA of American children is based on issues of race, class, and gender. The reviewed literature covered topics such as the "enduring boundaries (p. 4) between the Black and White communities in the U.S. and the disapproval in the Black community of White individuals adopting Black children as possible contributing factors as to why ICA seems to be more favored among Adoptive Parents. Mentioning that fewer newborn babies are available for adoption in the U.S. the authors referenced other literature and research that addressed Adoptive Parent preferences for age and gender as possible contributing factors as well. Referencing the Census Bureau (2003), the authors stated that adopting women tend to prefer girls and "[m]any babies waiting to be adopted internationally are girls. For example, girls account for 95% of children waiting for adoption in china" (Zhang & Lee, 2010, p. 5). As for adopting parent preferences for children of younger ages:

"Half of all ICAs involve infants less than 1 year old, and 90% of children adopted aged less than 5 years (Fisher, 2003). In contrast, only 6% of children adopted in 2005 in the foster system were less than 1 year old, and less than 30% were younger the age of 5 years (Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, 2007)"
(Zhang and Lee, 2010, p.5, their citations included in the quote).


The authors also noted literature that discussed that ICA may be an easier process, the closed-nature of ICA vs. the increasing trend toward openness in adoption in the U.S., and the fear that the original parents of an adopted child born in the U.S. would change their minds, may contribute to the why adopting parents would choose ICA vs. TRA of a child born in the U.S.

The study consisted of asking in-depth, open-ended questions to 10 families in Ohio over the course of 3 years. 6 families adopted through ICA and four were of TRA through domestic adoption.

The study found some major themes in motivations to adopt were consistent with many of the variables noted in the literature review. Variables such as infertility, wait time, age preference for child, etc.

The authors concluded that TRA domestic adoption was perceived by many who pursued ICA to have more disadvantages. They noted that it seemed as though ICA was viewed in terms of cultural differences that might be fun to learn and incorporate in the family, whereas, TRA domestic adoption was "phrased in terms of social problems such as possible parental drug addiction and adverse neighborhood influences on child development" (Zhang & Lee, 2010, p. 20).

The authors indicated that more research was needing involving a broader, more representative, and more diverse sample of Adoptive Parents.

Reference:

Yuanting, Z., & Lee, G. R. (2011). Intercountry Versus Transracial Adoption: Analysis of Adoptive Parents’ Motivations and Preferences in Adoption. Journal of Family Issues, 32(1), 75-98. doi:10.1177/0192513X10375410

Minggu, 06 Februari 2011

Nobody’s child (The Himalayan Times)

By Prakriti Pathak -January 30, 2011

The international adoption trade is a booming multibillion-dollar industry, as families in the west increasingly adopt more babies from developing countries. Nepal, it seems does not want to miss out on this global opportunity.

In 2007, Nepal adoption alter it faced pressure and severe criticism from national and international media over allegations of corruption and children being sold. In addition, the report, Adopting the Rights of a Child prepared by the UNICEF and the Swiss-based child relief agency foundation Terre des hommes revealed instances of children and babies being put up for adoption without the parents’ consent. As a result, the United States and a number of European countries like the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Norway, Spain, Canada, Italy, Switzerland and Germany banned adoption from Nepal.

In 2008, Nepal promptly reopened inter-country adoption and in 2009, signed the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect to inter-country adoption. With an objective of ratifying the Hague Convention, the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare (MoWCSW) formed a high level committee on May 14, 2010. Later in December 2010, new policies were introduced to facilitate the inter-country adoption process. “To discuss inter-country adoption, a team is heading to Italy in the first week of March, where all the European countries are expected to meet and most probably European countries will agree on adopting children from Nepal,” says Sher Jung Karki, under secretary at MoWCSW.

The optimism and speed to get things back on track is surprising. If only such promptness and dedication was displayed by our government in tackling much bigger issues that have almost brought Nepal to a standstill. What’s odd is the fact that while the government is going the whole hog to encourage international adoption, it has done precious little to even facilitate domestic adoption within Nepal and the vagueness of laws and provisions are often seen as a deterrent.

“The government is more focused on inter-country adoption, introducing new rules and regulations repeatedly and has completely neglected domestic adoption. Many factors are responsible for pushing the inter-country adoption but ’capital ’ is the main factor as lo reign countries have to pay hefty amount to adopt Nepali children and even with the new policies, there may still be space for irregularities,” says a source at the same ministry.

Interestingly, there is no data or any information on domestic adoption at the ministry. When a country neglects domestic adoption and focuses solely on inter-country adoption, it raises many questions. The answers themselves are not very hard to figure out. “We welcome recent improvements announced by the ministry but they are focused solely on inter-country adoption. Local solutions should be developed as a priority in line with international commitment”, says Joseph Aguettant, country representative of Terre des hommes in Nepal. He further added that local solutions include kinship, foster care and domestic adoption. Recently, Terre des hommes has been involved in promoting domestic adoption in mid-western regions in collaboration with Social Welfare Council, the local administration and NGOs. Besides creating a new mindset, the task involves deciphering the existing laws which are vague and need simplification.

“Nepal lacks adoption law and domestic adoption has not been fully practiced in Nepal yet. Though it is mentioned in Muluki Ain (Country Code), the process is vague and lengthy,” says Lochan Regmi of Central child Welfare Council. According to the Code, domestic adoption can be done by adoption can be done by relatives. But through various amendments, now any Nepali can adopt a child. “Though the horizon for domestic adoption has expanded, it is impractical and unscientific. There is no mention of the process for domestic adoption as the concerned body is busy regularly updating the policies of inter-country adoption,” says Rudra Kandangwa, advocate and chairman of Children Home Federation.

According to advocates and people involved in children’s homes to encourage domestic adoption, the government has to simplify the rules and laws. In the absence of proper and clear laws for domestic adoption, children’s homes are making their own. Aasha Shrestha, in charge of planning and sponsorship section of Bal Mandir says, Nepalis wanting to adopt a child legally from Bal Mandir have to fulfil a list of requirements.

Couples have to submit citizenship certificates, medical certificates to prove their infertility approved from Nepal Medical Board, marriage certificates, character certificates, details of economic status including land papers and bank balances, letters of consent from their family members, letter from authorized doctor proving the couple free from diseases like HIV; Hepatitis and mental illness. In addition to these, the age difference between the to-be adopted child and prospective parents should be not less than 35 and not more than 55 years. After completing all the required documents, they have to register the adoption case at the Land Revenue Office. According to her, Nepali children can gel genuine homes in Nepal rather than in other countries. But that is only possible if the government places the rights of orphans above all other issues.

To facilitate families and homes for orphans should be the priority. Whether in Nepal or abroad is secondary. Shrestha says the ministry’s priorities are misplaced; the concerned body should encourage domestic adoption rather than just aiming to maximize revenues from adopting parents from foreign countries. Till date, there is not a single child home in Nepal with the sole objective of promoting domestic adoption in Nepal.

The irony is that the ministry has all the data related to inter-country adoption but nothing on domestic adoption. Domestic adoption is supposed to be handled by the Land Revenue Office. However, many officers at the office itself were unaware about this fact. According to Beni Madhav Bhattarai, under secretary at the Ministry of Land Reform and Management, there is zero record maintained of domestic adoption and he argues that MoWCSW is the concerned body for both inter-country and domestic adoption.

When domestic adoption is not promoted serious questions arise. What kind of ‘New Nepal’ are we building in which our orphans have no place and no rights in their own country? For a country emerging from civil war and on the path to reconciliation, is our society not open to adoption and reaching out to orphans? Are Nepal’s orphans only worth the foreign exchange they bring in? What exactly is the government’s commitment and arrangements for orphans in this country?

Presently commitment is not visible. Orphans are housed in private children’s homes till they are exported to western families. These homes receive no financial assistance and hence little monitoring from the government. Over 198 of these children’s homes are far below the minimum standards. “The children’s homes that are not running in accordance with the government’s minimum standards should be shut down to ensure rights and the best interest of children,” says Gauri Pradhan, member of National Human Rights Commission of Nepal.

When contacted, even the minister for Women, Children and Social Welfare, Sarwadev Prasad Ojha admitted that “domestic adoption is unsystematic and major steps have to be taken to promote it”. Then he hands us the age-old diplomatic line. ’’A team will be set up to make the new guidelines for domestic adoption."


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Childabuse within Adoptive Families goes across boarders

Uproar over adopted boy's punishment

Video aired on 'Dr. Phil' in November

Updated: Friday, 04 Feb 2011, 7:17 AM EST
Published : Friday, 04 Feb 2011, 7:16 AM EST

ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) - Russian officials are closely watching a case involving an Anchorage mother of six who was charged with child abuse after a video that aired on "Dr. Phil" showed her punishing her adopted Russian son by squirting hot sauce into his mouth and forcing him into a cold shower.

The case has sparked a public uproar in Russia at a time that nation is nearing completion of a bilateral treaty with the U.S. on adoptions. Russia called for the agreement following the deaths of Russian children who were abused or neglected by their adoptive American parents in recent years.

Russian officials say they have not ruled out pushing for the return of the 7-year-old boy to his native country should his adoptive mother, Jessica Beagley, be found guilty.

"This video caused a huge wave of outrage in Russia," said Andrey Bondarev of the Russian Consulate in Seattle. "We're going to pay attention because this behavior is absolutely unacceptable."

Beagley's attorney, meanwhile, maintains she is a caring mother who submitted the video to the show because she genuinely wanted help.

The boy and his fraternal twin brother remain in the home with Beagley, her husband and their four biological children. Bondarev, who twice visited the family, said he saw no reason to have the boys removed at this point, and neither did authorities. He said Beagley vowed to never exert that kind of discipline again.

Authorities began investigating Beagley, 36, after the video aired in November in a segment on the CBS show called "Mommy Confessions." The city charged Beagley with one misdemeanor count of child abuse last month.

She has pleaded not guilty.

The video, shot by Beagley's 10-year-old daughter, included sounds of the boy screaming behind the shower curtain and Beagley yelling about the consequences of misbehavior. It brought many in the show's audience to tears.

On the air, host Phil McGraw called Beagley's actions abusive and over the top.

Beagley is married to an Anchorage police officer who was aware of the punishment, Bondarev said. The husband, Gary Beagley, also was investigated, according to municipal prosecutor Cynthia Franklin. She declined to elaborate, saying only that he has not been charged.

On the show, Jessica Beagley said the boy acts up and lies. She said other disciplinary actions such as time-outs, spankings and soap in the mouth have had no effect on his misbehavior.

"I would definitely say that (the boy) is the biggest stress in my life," she said.

Bill Ingaldson, Beagley's attorney, declined to make his client available for an interview. He said she was on the show to seek help about the boy, who was adopted with his brother when they were 5 years old. She saw a "Dr. Phil" episode inviting frustrated parents to the show, according to her lawyer, so she wrote to producers but didn't hear back until 18 months later.

She originally sent a video showing her talking to her children about cold showers as a consequence of misbehavior, but producers wanted to see the actual discipline, Ingaldson said.

The subsequent video was made after legitimate misbehavior, and Beagley's sole motivation was to find solutions, he said.

"She's being portrayed as this evil person, which isn't at all the case," he said. "She's a really caring mom."

Show spokeswoman Stacey Luchs said producers routinely accept home videos or ask participants to tape "naturally occurring behaviors and interactions, in order to gain insight" when dealing with family dynamics.

"We were shocked by what we saw, and called for the immediate halting of this behavior and also referred, at the show's expense, both mother and child for evaluation and treatment with appropriate professionals," she told The Associated Press in an e-mail.

Yevgeniy Khorishko, a spokesman for the Russian Embassy in Washington, D.C., said his office is following the case, which has prompted many reactions in his country.

Russia and U.S. officials are concluding work on a new, binding agreement to cover adoptions between the two countries. Russia demanded such an agreement after a Tennessee adoptive mother put her 7-year-old boy on a plane back to Moscow last year, unaccompanied by an adult.

There also have been instances of severe mistreatment by American parents, Khorishko said.

"There were several cases in recent years with adopted Russian children, including the deaths, beatings and cruel attitude of the parents toward these children," he said. "We actually questioned many times our American counterparts on these issues, and we both understood that we actually need an agreement."

An estimated 17 adopted Russian children have died in instances of domestic violence in American families since 1992, according to Pavel Astakhov, Russia's government-appointed children's rights ombudsman. His office also is monitoring the Beagley case.

"Theoretically, we don't rule out that we could insist on the return of the boy to Russia. But at this point we're not going to," Astakhov said. He

suggested that could happen if the family is shown to be unfit to raise him, but he added it's too early to draw that conclusion.

___

Associated Press Writer Varya Kudryavtseva in Moscow contributed to this story.

ADOPTIVE MOM CHARGED WITH CHILD ABUSE

Video of Alaska Woman Allegedly Punishing Son by Force-Feeding Hot Sauce, Giving Cold Showers Prompts Viewers to Call Cops

(CBS) A mother in Alaska has sparked outrage for allegedly punishing her son with hot sauce and cold showers. Now, she's the one facing punishment: charges of child abuse.

CBS News Correspondent Betty Nguyen reported on "The Early Show" Thursday a disturbing home video started it all.

Jessica Beagley, a 36-year-old mother of six, is seen disciplining her adopted son by making him hold hot sauce in his mouth. The reason for the severe punishment? He'd lied.

In the video, Beagley can be heard saying, "What happens when you lie to me?" The boy answers, "I get hot sauce. You get hot sauce."

The mom asks, "What else happens when you lie to me?"

The boy answers, "I get a cold shower."

The 7-year-old, adopted from Russia, is then put into a cold shower and can be heard screaming.

The video created an emotional uproar and resulted in criminal charges.

Beagley sent the video, shot by her 10-year-old daughter, to the "Dr. Phil" show, seeking help in disciplining her child.

Read the rest of the article at CBS News

TDA - defending adoption and surrogacy under the concept of feminism ?

Are Adoption and Surrogacy Feminist?

Joy's post over at Joy's Division has me really thinking today. I had commented on Joy's blog that her experience on another blog was the first time I had ever heard of someone defending adoption and surrogacy under the concept of feminism. I'm thinking now that this isn't exactly true, I have, in a way, heard at least adoption defended with allegedly "feministic" arguments. A few months ago I, along with several others, wrote emails and letters to a feminist organization who was opposing Adoptee Rights under the claim that mothers were promised anonymity through the amending and sealing of records. I even tried appealing to one of the organization's representatives in an hour-long conversation over the phone. Their stance was appaulling, not only because they were in opposition to us but because their opposition was based on not being aware of adoption laws and policies and adoption and mother's rights in history. Promised secrecy? It was more like having secrecy forced upon them: adoptees and mothers alike.

Both adoption and surrogacy can involve ethical issues such as the commodification of children and of women's bodies. Many adoption policies and practices in the United States are absolutely antiquated and outdated. Adoption has a horrendously unethical history it has yet to offer an apology for and yet to declare an ethical plan for the present and future. In the United States, we still haven't figured out how to eliminate secrecy from these institutions or be truthful on birth documents, let a lone give these individuals equal access to truth that the rest of society receives about themselves. Women experiencing an unplanned pregnancy may still have trouble finding resources to parent, finding employment and higher education that has hours conducive to the schedules of caregivers, and finding affordable child care; adoption is hailed as the solution to this. Instead of providing women with equality and seeking to address the roadblocks that cause women to have to choose between parenting and poverty, society suggests surrendering to adoption while these societal problems still persist. Still, in this country, the losses of these individual, both the mothers and children, are still some of the most misunderstood, diminished, and dismissed losses...ever.

Because I am an Adult Adoptee and Feminist, it is a stretch for me to perceive how adoption (in this context, infant adoption) and surrogacy are feministic. I suppose people may view it as one woman getting the chance to parent while another woman has the opportunity to make the decision as to whether or not she wants to parent or would like to help someone else become a parent.

But what about the third party? The individual born/adopted, I mean. Is this yet another failure to incorporate everyone whom these institutions impact? I'll say here as I told to the feminist organization that had opposed Adoptee Rights:
"do I really need to remind a feminist organization that supports the rights of women that I AM A WOMAN TOO?"
The label "adoptee" doesn't legally nor socially allow me to grow up past the "child" label; now I'm not allowed to be viewed as a woman either? Adopted women in the United States often do not have access to medical history to make informed health care decisions for themselves and their descendants with their health care practitioners. They are unequal citizens under the law and are denied the Basic Human Right of knowledge of Original Identity and the equal right of access to factual birth documentation. They and their descendants lack geneological continuity and knowledge of their origins and ancestry. They live a different life than 98% of society; experiencing nature and nurture separately (and sometimes not having access to their natural roots at all) and it's an unacknowledged, diminished, and dismissed loss. I am sure the donor conceived individuals who read my blog could chime in. Since I was neither donor conceived nor born by surrogacy; I will not attempt to speak for them.

Read more at the TDA Blog